Choosing from the premier gas log lighterEach cabin should have only one %-inch thickness of flooring for a starting point. This is sufficient for most cottages. At a later date you may want to add either a composition or finished hardwood floor. The planks where a composition floor is to be laid should not be wider than 3 inches or may be %-inch plywood sheets. All flooring should be tongue-and-groove except plywood.. On your site clear away the brush and lay out the lines of the building with strings and batter boards. The next step is to dig a trench about 12 inches deep and 12 inches wide around the perimeter of the building. If you hit some large rode, leave it. Taper the inside edge of the trench as shown. By cutting the outside edge of the trench square, you can use it as part of the form for the beam edge of your slab.. Roll roofing is one of the easiest types to apply. The accompanying illustration shows how this is done. You'll note that there is an overlap that is cemented down and nailed. This overlap varies with the type of roofing felt used. .
A deep-well jet pump is similar to a shallow-well unit in appearance. However, two pipes are required with this system—a pressure pipe and a suction pipe—but a special adapter will be necessary at the top of the casing. The use of the well casing as a suction pipe is usually done when the casing is as small as 2 inches.. Piers are the type of construction you will probably use. It is the quickest way to get your summer home under way. Most cottage plans have a pier plan which you should follow. There are several rules to remember about piers. They can be built of block (8 by 8 by 16 inches) or of solid concrete. Piers require foundation footings just as walls do.. Moistening the blocks before laying them will help hold the mortar. Pour concrete into the top row of blocks and insert 6-inch bolts, 8 feet on center, for the sill.. . . Sills form a bearing surface for the undersides of joists. They should be bolted to the slab or wall foundations. If you are using pier foundations, it is important that you first put down the sill around the building, then spike the inner header to the sill from the underside. After this is done, lay out the joists and securely spike the inner header to them. .
. . Take the advice of the local building inspector on the depth they should extend below grade. You’ll want to have the footing below the local frost line. The illustration at the side shows the usual arrangement for the footings. Poured concrete piers should be 10 by 10 inches if square or 12 inches in diameter if round. .
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The actual water content should not exceed 7|/2 gallons per bag of cement. The table will help you to figure how much you will need. The thickness of the concrete slab should be a minimum of 3 inches. After you have the framing up, you will want to add one more inch of smooth concrete for your final finish (I part cement, 3 parts sand). . Because there are a number of fixtures running off from the main line, it will be necessary to use a number of T's in order to accomplish this. The illustration shows how this is done. The hot-water system is similar to the cold-water, except that you will want to use copper, brass, or steel piping. The process is the same. . .
If you use the slab described, be sure that the soil is porous. Heavy clay or stiff soil will require the building of foundation walls to the frost line to prevent heaving. . A permit to build in one of our national forests usually stipulates that you will make improvements costing at least five hundred dollars including labor. In order to avoid the erection of unsightly shacks, it is specified that only one cabin can be constructed on a lot. Each applicant must submit his plans for approval before a permit will be issued. . . Around the outer edges of your cottage build a form as shown in the picture at the side. I assume that you didn’t knock the walls of your trench in; if you did, be sure to clean them out again. You are now ready to lay the reinforcing down. The usual procedure is to use wire mesh weighing 40 pounds per 100 square feet. . If you have a level piece of property on which to build, you may want to use a concrete slab. It is fairly simple to make. After you have selected the cottage or camp you wish to build, refer to the foundation plan that is shown with it. Get the over-all dimensions firmly in mind. . Other Foundation Options.
Be sure the vertical edge joints are joined at the mid-point of a stud. One of the best ways of finishing the exterior of your cottage is the use of vertical tongue-and-groove boards. This type of siding is usually nailed at the bottom to the sill, at the top to the plate and in the middle to a herringbone brace. . Many websites on site selection and orientation will also help you decide whether a certain cottage is suitable to your property. Don’t fail to read it. Another reminder: Any cottage can be reversed. If the sleeping area is on the right of the living area, the plan can be flipped so that it is on the left.. What it means to you is that you should use Douglas fir (Coast Region or Inland Empire), West Coast hemlock, Western larch, Southern yellow pine, redwood, oak, or any other wood having the necessary characteristics. Most yards carry either Douglas fir or hemlock for framing purposes..
A basic tutorial on gas log lighterAlso be sure that the pipe does not run near the place where you're going to swim. Any type of shallow-well pump will probably be satisfactory. A water source which is not satisfactory for drinking might be pumped to the cottage for bathing and other services. Drinking water might be had from some other source. . If their report is satisfactory, you should start considering the best location for such a well. Be sure that it is located at least 100 feet from your sewage system and drain field. It should also be located on higher ground.. At the corners, stagger these two parts. Then spike the outer header to the inner one, overlapping at the staggered corner edge. What you have done is to build a girder with a resting place for the joists..
The sole is run around the perimeter of the building like the sill, except that it is laid on top of the flooring and joists. A sole should also be placed under each partition. If the studs are placed so that their wide edges are parallel to the partition length, it will be necessary to cut the 2-by-4-inch sole to the 2-inch width of the stud.. When the rock or gravel has been delivered, borrow the neighbors’ wheelbarrow and start spreading it. The finished bed, in cross section, will look like the picture at the side. Don’t stop now, you’ve only begun. Get enough 15-pound roofing felt to cover the slab area. Cover the gravel area with this, lapping the edges about 3 inches. You’re doing this, I might add, to keep the ground dampness from coming up into your finished slab.. Levels are used to test surfaces for levelness. They usually contain one or more glass tubes with bubbles in them. By placing the level against the surface to be tested, you can tell whether a surface is horizontally level or vertically straight. Use it often; don't trust your eye..
Full foundation sounds easier to build than a slab. The only catch is that you’ll probably have to do a lot more digging. This is especially true if you live in the northern part of our country. A little north of New York City we usually extend our foundations down 4 feet. You’ll want to find out how far down the wall and footings should go; the local building inspector or mason can tell you. . Sometimes water appears in the pipe, but more often you will have to lift the pipe out to see. When the point has been driven far enough, lower the suction pipe and foot valve into the well. Hook up a pump and test the flow of water. You may find that the flow of water is small at first. . Tighten the whole business with a pipe wrench. You are now ready to start driving the point into the earth. When you have driven the first length about three-quarters of its length into the ground, remove the drive cap and nipple. Leave the coupling attached so that you can add a length of pipe. Apply joint compound to the threads again and connect the pipe length to the well point..
Our next problem is to find out how we're going to distribute this power in the building. The diagrammatic sketch below will help you visualize how this is to be done. National Electrical Code specifies that a 15-ampere branch circuit for general illumination be installed for each 500 square feet of floor area. . The sheathing helps to stiffen your structure. One of the most common types of siding is the lapped bevel. Cedar is one of the popular woods from which this siding is made. It comes in 4-, 6-, and 8-inch widths. The thick butt edge is usually 7/16 inch thick. The 10- and 12-inch widths have an 11/16-inch butt. . One cubic foot of storage space holds 7.48 gallons. The capacity of a round container is 1/2 the diameter multiplied by itself X 3.14 X the depth X 7.48. If a cistern is 10 feet in diameter and 6 feet deep, the capacity is (5 X 5 X 3.14 X 6 X 7.48) 3,523.08 gallons. Sea level: In talking about the lift of various pumps, I have said that certain pumps would be satisfactory if the water level was within 22 feet of the surface of the earth..
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