Decoding the many english cottage gardenIt is usually possible to use a shallow-well pump with this type of installation. If there is at least 2 feet of drop away from your water source and a sufficient supply of water, it may be possible to use a hydraulic ram to pump your water up to a tank and then feed your cottage by gravity.. Having found the best location, start digging a hole about 4 feet in diameter. As you dig, be sure that you use cross braces to keep the upper earth in place. Eventually you will (maybe) reach water. The lower section of the well should be lined with brick or stone. Do not use mortar.. Nails, shown on the final page, come in many sizes and shapes. All of the special nails have unusual holding properties. Some of the special nails may be used instead of screws, and they'll hold nearly as well..
In previous articles, I have told you how to get water. I left you pumping water into a pressure tank. The next problem is to get this water to the various fixtures. Before I tried to run any pipe, I'd be sure that the fixtures were in place. This includes the hot-water heater. By the way, there are many ways you can heat the water, including a coal range, oil heater, gas heater, electric heater—and I've even seen a fireplace used to heat water. . Let's start where the electricity leaves the power line and comes into the camp. The National Electrical Code and the REA recommend that a No. 6 3-wire service cable be used from the power lines to the cottage. This size will provide you with a maximum of three 15-ampere lighting circuits, a 20-ampere appliance circuit, and a range circuit.. Most members are 2 by 6 inches. If you live in an area of very heavy snowfalls, you will want to increase the size of the roof members (probably 2 inches in depth. A double plate made of 2-by-4-inch material is essential for all the cottages. This part of your construction is at the top of the studs, and it forms a support for the roof members. At the corners plates are notched or butted and spiked together. . While it is possible to build a fireplace without a lining in the flue, I would strongly recommend that a flue tile be used in all cases. When spanning almost any opening in your fireplace, be sure to use a steel angle to support masonry above. . Where it is necessary to make turns in the drainage lines, use 90-degree fittings. To install the seat, place the closet bolts in the closet collar so that the threaded ends extend upward through the flange. Set the collar in the floor over the top of the closet bend and calk in place (5, 6, and 7). The asbestos gasket that comes with the seat should be put over the closet bottom outlet, the seat moved into place, and the nuts tightened.. .
Collars keep the pitched roof from pushing out the sides and are usually l-by-6-inch boards. When erecting a pitched roof, nail the end rafters to the ridge and plate first—this will give you a nailing surface for the other rafters. You can also use one of the end rafters as a pattern for notching the rest of the rafters.. Regardless of where you decide to build your camp or cabin, there are some things you can do to improve the climate around your cottage.. Supporting members for your finished roof are called rafters. In the case of single-slope roofs, they look and act like floor joists. A pitched roof has the rafters running from the plate at the outer edge to the ridge piece. Like the floor joists, the roof rafters have been designed to carry a load of 35 pounds per square foot and are based on a fiber stress of 900 or over. .
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You can leave your ceilings or side walls without any covering material if you wish. I’d strongly suggest, however, that you insulate your roof. The only place that will require a hard and impervious finish is the bathroom. The finish of this area should be tile board, linoleum, or actual tile (real tile, plastic, or aluminum) over 3-inch-wide wood boards. . There are at least three types of foundation that may be used with many of the popular cottage plans available today. These are: a concrete slab on grade; a full foundation wall (or basement) around the outside perimeter of the building; and a pier type of foundation. Most plan drawings show pier foundations, because they are usually the cheapest to build and the easiest for the amateur craftsman to construct. . This fitting has three tappings. One is for the lavatory basin, the second is for the kitchen sink, and the third for laundry tubs if there are any. Close any unused tappings with cast-iron plugs. Before calking fitting 3, mark on the wall where the waste pipe from each fixture will enter the wall. .
. The illustration at the beginning of this section shows the layout of a possible circuit for one of the cottages. When you have made your own diagram, it should be similar. You'll have to find out how many feet of cable are needed. It can be done by measuring the scaled distance from the switch box to the outlet, adding any vertical distance the wire must travel, and then adding about 25 per cent to the total for connections, errors, and travel around beams or obstructions.. Once you've found the best source for water, the next problem will be to get the water into your cottage. You may use anything from a hand pump to a number of different types of power-driven equipment. There are any number of good pumps that you can buy. . The minimum headlap for 4- and 6-inch widths is I inch; widths over 6 inches should have I¼ inches headlap. Hot-dipped galvanized nails should be used for applying the siding to the studs. If sheathing is used, try to nail through the sheathing to the stud.. In most cases the girders are made up of several 2-or-3-inch-thick members supported on piers. Solid members would be better but are harder to handle and aren’t always readily available.. .
The point is probably clogged. It will probably clear itself as you continue pumping. After you have finished driving the well, slip a reducer fitting over the suction pipe and screw this to the top of the drive pipe assembly to cover the gap. If the small opening of the reducer will not fit over the suction pipe, file it.. Reciprocating, or centrifugal pump lifts greater than 22 feet (sea level) will require a deep-well jet or reciprocating pump. In the illustration you will note that the upper 10 feet of the dug well is filled with earth. A watertight slab is placed over the pervious lower section. If you use this type of construction, be sure to include a pipe sleeve large enough to install the water pipe and foot valve. . To start work on a well of this type, spade out a shallow hole in the ground. Next, you will want to make a drive assembly unit. This assembly consists of a nipple, coupling, and a malleable iron drive cap. Apply pipe joint compound to the outer threads at the top of the well point and screw on the drive assembly. .
Research the best english cottage gardenYou want a pervious wall that will let water in. The upper part of the wall must be water-tight to prevent contamination. This wall should be about 10 feet high and extend about I foot above the ground. If you can install your pump within 22 feet vertical distance of the normal water level, use a shallow-well jet. . This system works best in firm sand, clay, or light gravel. The borer looks like a double shovel and has a handle about 4 feet long. As you go down, additional lengths of pipe are added to the handle. Digging is done by forcing the borer into the ground and twisting the handle. As the double shovel is filled, lift the earth out and empty. Keep going till you reach water.. One word of caution: Be sure that all the pipes are tilted for drainage and that there is a good way of getting the water out of the system. A couple of drain cocks are usually placed at low points in the piping. The water is usually allowed to run out onto the ground. With no heat in the wintertime, you will want to be sure that no water stands in the pipes..
. Property Terrain Determines Log Cabin Foundation Type. Flat or pitched roofs can be covered with a number of materials, but one of the least expensive methods is to build up the roof with a number of layers of roofing felt saturated with asphalt binder. The illustration shows how this is done. A cold roofing compound or hot pitch may be used as a binder..
Flaring tools are used to force the end of copper pipe outward. They consist of a holder with various sizes of holes for pipe. A metal rod is inserted in the end of the tubing that is held by the holder, and hit lightly with a hammer to force the edges outward.. Soft copper is another type of pipe that is flexible. It has one drawback, however. It is easy to dent or crimp the tubing. Let's start with the cold-water piping. From the pump run a %-inch pipe to the hot-water heater. In this line insert a ¾-by-¾-by-½-inch T. To the ½-inch nipple of the T run a pipe to the various fixtures that require a cold-water outlet. . Metal hoods used over simple hearths must have steel angles or channels running back into the masonry to support the weight. There are other factors to consider in orienting your house. In summer the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest. .
Large pieces of wood are removed with a sliding action, the tapered edge being held against the wood. Finishing is done with a series of short strokes, working from the edge. Pliers have many uses. They may be used to remove nuts from bolts, to pull out nails, and to hold various materials.. A yarning tool is a rod with a flattened end used to push lead or other soft materials into a joint of pipe. A threader is used to make ends on pipe so that couplers may be screwed on. These have dies which come in various sizes from ¼ to 2 inches or more in diameter. Tubing cutters have a small wheel that cuts soft pipe. Each time you revolve the clamplike tool around the pipe, the handle is given another twist downward. This action eventually cuts the pipe.. .
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