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Studs are usually 2 by 4 inches thick. They are available in lengths from 4 feet to 20 feet in multiples of 2 feet. They rest on the sole and are tied in at the top by a plate. The siding of your cottage will be attached to the studs.. The water filters through the various layers and empties into a larger tank, where it is stored. If this system is used, it may be necessary to chlorinate the water occasionally. With ponds, lakes, and streams it is only necessary to run a pipe into the water. The foot valve or suction end of the pipe should be protected so that it will not clog or suck mud or silt from the bottom. . Plywood is a common material that can be used. Several finishes are now available, including striated surface, a raised grain finish, and the more common smooth finish. Plywood can be cut and laid in a number of different patterns. The edges can be butted together, covered with batten strips, or planed on the edges to make a noticeable V joint. .


Learn the Right Tools and Methods to use for Electrical Work. Other well known cottages should have the shell built at one time. You can leave the finishing for some future date. Remember that outside plumbing is still permissible in many areas and you can take your bath in the lake or in the old wash boiler. . Those odd jobs that you've been doing around the house have probably made you fairly familiar with the essential tools. But in case you have forgotten here is a quick review of how to use them. The hammer is used to drive nails, to pull them out, and as a lever. When using the hammer to drive nails, be sure to tap the nail first in order to establish its direction, then drive the nail home. .




Wood shingles are laid much as asphalt shingles are except that they are not butted on the sides. Leave a %-inch space between the shingles. The ridge piece can be made of wood strips as shown in the illustration.. Files are steel tools with many ridges or teeth. They are used to smooth away wood or metal. The drawing shows some of the typical cross sections through various types of file. It would be well to have a couple of flat files in your toolbox. One file should have fine teeth; the other can be more coarse. You'll find them particularly helpful in removing jagged pieces of wood. You can also use them to do the rough sharpening of your tools.. When the boxes are in place, the next step is to connect them by cable to the main switch. The illustration shows how this is done. You'll have to join several lines in the process; be sure that this joining is done inside a junction box.. Selecting a Site and Style for Your Log Cabin. Girders are used to support concentrated weight. Sometimes they appear at the outer edge of the building in pier foundation work. More often they are at some mid-point of a joist span. The use of girders permits joist members to be smaller.. In a large colony you may be required to install a chemical toilet or septic tank and have a piped water system or other improvements. Be sure to ask about these things before you go too far. If you decide to build in one of the national forests, you will find that a good deal of the site selection has been done for you by the Forest Service..

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. Now let's get back to the problem of how we're going to get running water into your camp without depending upon some leaks in the roof. Water can be obtained from a dug well, a bored well, a drilled well, or from surface sources such as lakes, springs, or cisterns.. The best location for the service switch is near the point of entry of the power line. If you are going to generate your own power, you won't have to worry about this problem. Most generators used in cottages are not large enough for heavy loads and usually are equipped with their own fuses or circuit breakers. .


You are now ready for the big pour. By this time you will probably be willing to call for transit mix. When you ask for this prepared mix, tell them you want the kind that reaches a minimum compressive strength of 2,000 pounds per square inch in 28 days. If you are going to mix your own concrete, use I part portland cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts coarse aggregate, and enough water to make it sloppy. . When the drive cap is added, you can drive the pointed end of the pipe into the ground with a maul. A maul is a heavy hammer. Large mauls used to drive pipe usually are made with a hardwood head. A pipe or Stillson wrench is a large tool with adjustable head that can be used to hold pipe.. Assuming that there is no reason that you can't do the work, let's get started. The basic plan of each cottage shows where your electrical outlets might be located. These are only suggestions, and you may want to add to or subtract from these recommendations. .



Framing—the Backbone of your Log Cabin. Some people think that they can get along very well without electricity in a summer place. But life will be a lot easier if you have electricity. The job of installing your own electrical system isn't a difficult one. As in the case of plumbing, you will want to be sure that there isn't some local ordinance or utility regulation that limits what you can do yourself.. If the pier on the low side of your camp is 6 feet, the pier size should be increased to 18 inches square. The forms for solid concrete piers may be made from any old lumber. The illustrations at the side should show you how.. You can also add color to this batch if you don’t like the natural gray of the concrete. There you are. Except that you should also put some 6-inch stove bolts along the outer edge of the slab, about 8 feet on center, starting roughly I foot from the corner, to fasten your sill. If you are going to use the cottage year-round and are building in the northern states, insulate the outside perimeter with Fiberglas boards.. Most of the popular cottages indicate a specific type or arrangement of fireplace. If you wish to vary the design, the drawings on these two pages will be helpful, for they indicate the critical dimensions and relationships that must exist if the fireplace is to draw well.. If the material being cut is thin, use a backup board to prevent splintering of the wood on the back. Chisels are used to rout pieces of wood and in making mortises. They come in various widths from 1/8 inch to 2 inches. They may be used in your hands or with a hammer. .


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2) Lakes, rivers, and ponds can have a cooling effect on your camp. Water is an evaporator cooler. Wind or air moving over its surface (during the summer) is cooled and moves out over the surface of the land. The air on land is heated and rises. The vacuum left by the air that was over the water pulls the hot air above it down onto the water. This cycle is an almost continuous operation. The cool air path that moves outward from a body of water is only about 50 to 100 feet deep. Therefore, if you have a choice, it would be wise to locate your camp not too far back from the water and not over 50 feet above the surface of the lake.. Most seats measure 14 inches or less from the back of the tank to the center of the closet bowl. Cut a hole large enough to take the small end of the closet collar. Install this fitting permanently in position with the closet bend sticking up to within 1/2 to % inches of the floor surface. It will be necessary to support the fitting with wood or metal hangers.. This is one type of well that you shouldn't try to do yourself. If water is too deep to be reached by any other method, or if rock lies between the surface and water level, you may have to use a drilled well. But this is a job for a professional. Find out from your neighbors who has a good reputation—then hire him..



If you are going to use vertical tongue-and-groove siding as the exterior finish, be sure to use a herringbone bridging system as shown in the sketch. The purpose of this bridging is to stiffen the structure and to give an intermediate nailing surface for the vertical siding. Where sheathing is used, it is not necessary to use bridging. If the exterior finish runs horizontally, sheathing is optional and bridging is not necessary. . Adjust the height of part 3 so that the height of the lower tapping is at the same height as the lowest waste pipe. Then lower part 3 about 1/4 inch per foot of horizontal run to allow for drainage. You are now ready to calk this fitting as you did parts I and 2. . Make your Choice of Interior Finishes and Learn how to Apply It.


Be sure that every cable is fastened with a steel strap within 12 inches of every outlet and junction box. Where a cable enters a box, a connector is fastened to the outside covering of the cable. A hole is knocked out in the box and the cable run into it.. Usually the manufacturer recommends the use of sheathing. If plywood is used for sheathing, the shingles should be applied over l-by-2-inch nailing strips, and attached with copper or galvanized nails. Asbestos-cement shingles should be attached to the sheathing with barbed nails. . In this case I would nail the 8-foot length of plywood horizontally. The horizontal joints and nails would be covered with batten strips. Similar batten strips could be nailed horizontally every foot above and below the joint. This procedure would also keep the plywood from warping or raising at the edges. . One layer of felt, 18 inches wide, should be laid face down. Then a second layer, full width, should be laid face up. After this is nailed down, you can start laying the under roofing felt or paper. Manufacturers' recommendations vary, but you'll be pretty safe if the edges overlap about 2 inches horizontally. . You will have to indicate the places where you want outlets and switches. Make a sketch of the plan of the cottage, using graph paper or thin paper laid over the basic plan. On the plan indicate the outlets you want. . Take your choice of these three ways to build your foundation. Some may ask why I haven’t mentioned wood post construction. I’m not convinced that they are worth using except above grade. If you must use wood, be sure that you get pressure-treated posts. Dipped or painted ends are little protection..


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