Compare from different diet logLakes, springs, ponds, and streams are always possible sources for a water supply. The most important thing to remember about them is that they must be pure enough for drinking. Do have the water tested before you use it. In many parts of our country it is possible that you will find springs bubbling up through the ground on your property. Be sure that the spring is going to yield enough water. . . The side walls may be made from concrete block or poured concrete. If poured concrete is used, the walls should be about 5 inches thick and reinforced with steel mesh. The top should have '/4-inch bars I foot on center lengthwise and l/2-inch bars 8 inches on center running widthwise. The remaining details will help you to make some of the equipment for your cabin..
Perhaps I’m prejudiced, but I like wood as the interior finish material for almost any of the cottages. A camp that may stand vacant for long periods without heat needs a finish that can take it. Composition materials that may be ideal for a year-round house are apt to buckle or be damaged by condensation in a summer cottage. . Preparing Log Cabin Flooring and Rafter Connections. Compass saws, a smaller type, are used to make cutouts in a section of material. Backsaws have a rigid steel back and are used for precision cutting. Unlike the panel saws, the compass and backsaws are usually held at right angles to the material being cut.. I have seen a posthole digger used to make the hole for a round pier. It worked. The only trouble is that the center of the pier is the used part and some portion of the pier will project beyond the building line. The proper mix is the same as for footings mentioned above. The maximum height above grade that you should build a pier is four times its least dimension.. . The brace and various sizes of bits are used to make holes. The brace, a cranklike tool, is usually held at the top by the left hand, the right hand doing the cranking. Unless you have an angular cut, be sure to hold the brace perpendicular to the wood. Wood bits usually have screw ends. There are some exceptions. The screw helps to pull the bit through the wood. .
A dug well is usually used where rocky soil prohibits the use of a driven well, and where water can be reached by simple excavation. Basically it is a hole in the ground. Perhaps the first thing to do in building a dug well is to inquire from your neighbors whether they have used this type of water source. . It is usually possible to use a shallow-well pump with this type of installation. If there is at least 2 feet of drop away from your water source and a sufficient supply of water, it may be possible to use a hydraulic ram to pump your water up to a tank and then feed your cottage by gravity.. Having found the best location, start digging a hole about 4 feet in diameter. As you dig, be sure that you use cross braces to keep the upper earth in place. Eventually you will (maybe) reach water. The lower section of the well should be lined with brick or stone. Do not use mortar..
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Nails, shown on the final page, come in many sizes and shapes. All of the special nails have unusual holding properties. Some of the special nails may be used instead of screws, and they'll hold nearly as well.. In previous articles, I have told you how to get water. I left you pumping water into a pressure tank. The next problem is to get this water to the various fixtures. Before I tried to run any pipe, I'd be sure that the fixtures were in place. This includes the hot-water heater. By the way, there are many ways you can heat the water, including a coal range, oil heater, gas heater, electric heater—and I've even seen a fireplace used to heat water. . Let's start where the electricity leaves the power line and comes into the camp. The National Electrical Code and the REA recommend that a No. 6 3-wire service cable be used from the power lines to the cottage. This size will provide you with a maximum of three 15-ampere lighting circuits, a 20-ampere appliance circuit, and a range circuit..
The locality in which you build may have some special requirements. Do check with local authorities. You may decide to have the local plumber install all your piping and fixtures. If so, you probably aren't interested in this section. But if you have decided to turn plumber, the description below should be helpful. . While it is possible to build a fireplace without a lining in the flue, I would strongly recommend that a flue tile be used in all cases. When spanning almost any opening in your fireplace, be sure to use a steel angle to support masonry above. . Where it is necessary to make turns in the drainage lines, use 90-degree fittings. To install the seat, place the closet bolts in the closet collar so that the threaded ends extend upward through the flange. Set the collar in the floor over the top of the closet bend and calk in place (5, 6, and 7). The asbestos gasket that comes with the seat should be put over the closet bottom outlet, the seat moved into place, and the nuts tightened.. . Collars keep the pitched roof from pushing out the sides and are usually l-by-6-inch boards. When erecting a pitched roof, nail the end rafters to the ridge and plate first—this will give you a nailing surface for the other rafters. You can also use one of the end rafters as a pattern for notching the rest of the rafters.. Regardless of where you decide to build your camp or cabin, there are some things you can do to improve the climate around your cottage..
Supporting members for your finished roof are called rafters. In the case of single-slope roofs, they look and act like floor joists. A pitched roof has the rafters running from the plate at the outer edge to the ridge piece. Like the floor joists, the roof rafters have been designed to carry a load of 35 pounds per square foot and are based on a fiber stress of 900 or over. . You can leave your ceilings or side walls without any covering material if you wish. I’d strongly suggest, however, that you insulate your roof. The only place that will require a hard and impervious finish is the bathroom. The finish of this area should be tile board, linoleum, or actual tile (real tile, plastic, or aluminum) over 3-inch-wide wood boards. . There are at least three types of foundation that may be used with many of the popular cottage plans available today. These are: a concrete slab on grade; a full foundation wall (or basement) around the outside perimeter of the building; and a pier type of foundation. Most plan drawings show pier foundations, because they are usually the cheapest to build and the easiest for the amateur craftsman to construct. .
diet logThis fitting has three tappings. One is for the lavatory basin, the second is for the kitchen sink, and the third for laundry tubs if there are any. Close any unused tappings with cast-iron plugs. Before calking fitting 3, mark on the wall where the waste pipe from each fixture will enter the wall. . Like the beam described above, the dirt may be cut square and be used as the form. The footing should be at least 6 inches thick and project 2 or not more than 3 inches beyond the thickness of the wall. This concrete footing is made of I part portland cement, 3 parts sand, 5 parts coarse aggregate, or a transit mix that will have a minimum compressive strength of 1,500 pounds per square inch in 28 days.. .
Once you've found the best source for water, the next problem will be to get the water into your cottage. You may use anything from a hand pump to a number of different types of power-driven equipment. There are any number of good pumps that you can buy. . The minimum headlap for 4- and 6-inch widths is I inch; widths over 6 inches should have I¼ inches headlap. Hot-dipped galvanized nails should be used for applying the siding to the studs. If sheathing is used, try to nail through the sheathing to the stud.. In most cases the girders are made up of several 2-or-3-inch-thick members supported on piers. Solid members would be better but are harder to handle and aren’t always readily available..
. The point is probably clogged. It will probably clear itself as you continue pumping. After you have finished driving the well, slip a reducer fitting over the suction pipe and screw this to the top of the drive pipe assembly to cover the gap. If the small opening of the reducer will not fit over the suction pipe, file it.. Reciprocating, or centrifugal pump lifts greater than 22 feet (sea level) will require a deep-well jet or reciprocating pump. In the illustration you will note that the upper 10 feet of the dug well is filled with earth. A watertight slab is placed over the pervious lower section. If you use this type of construction, be sure to include a pipe sleeve large enough to install the water pipe and foot valve. .
To start work on a well of this type, spade out a shallow hole in the ground. Next, you will want to make a drive assembly unit. This assembly consists of a nipple, coupling, and a malleable iron drive cap. Apply pipe joint compound to the outer threads at the top of the well point and screw on the drive assembly. . You want a pervious wall that will let water in. The upper part of the wall must be water-tight to prevent contamination. This wall should be about 10 feet high and extend about I foot above the ground. If you can install your pump within 22 feet vertical distance of the normal water level, use a shallow-well jet. . This system works best in firm sand, clay, or light gravel. The borer looks like a double shovel and has a handle about 4 feet long. As you go down, additional lengths of pipe are added to the handle. Digging is done by forcing the borer into the ground and twisting the handle. As the double shovel is filled, lift the earth out and empty. Keep going till you reach water..
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