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Full foundation sounds easier to build than a slab. The only catch is that you’ll probably have to do a lot more digging. This is especially true if you live in the northern part of our country. A little north of New York City we usually extend our foundations down 4 feet. You’ll want to find out how far down the wall and footings should go; the local building inspector or mason can tell you. . Sometimes water appears in the pipe, but more often you will have to lift the pipe out to see. When the point has been driven far enough, lower the suction pipe and foot valve into the well. Hook up a pump and test the flow of water. You may find that the flow of water is small at first. . Tighten the whole business with a pipe wrench. You are now ready to start driving the point into the earth. When you have driven the first length about three-quarters of its length into the ground, remove the drive cap and nipple. Leave the coupling attached so that you can add a length of pipe. Apply joint compound to the threads again and connect the pipe length to the well point..


Our next problem is to find out how we're going to distribute this power in the building. The diagrammatic sketch below will help you visualize how this is to be done. National Electrical Code specifies that a 15-ampere branch circuit for general illumination be installed for each 500 square feet of floor area. . The sheathing helps to stiffen your structure. One of the most common types of siding is the lapped bevel. Cedar is one of the popular woods from which this siding is made. It comes in 4-, 6-, and 8-inch widths. The thick butt edge is usually 7/16 inch thick. The 10- and 12-inch widths have an 11/16-inch butt. . One cubic foot of storage space holds 7.48 gallons. The capacity of a round container is 1/2 the diameter multiplied by itself X 3.14 X the depth X 7.48. If a cistern is 10 feet in diameter and 6 feet deep, the capacity is (5 X 5 X 3.14 X 6 X 7.48) 3,523.08 gallons. Sea level: In talking about the lift of various pumps, I have said that certain pumps would be satisfactory if the water level was within 22 feet of the surface of the earth..




This service will require a 60-ampere service entrance switch (fuse box or circuit breaker). The entrance cable must be grounded but may run above ground or be buried in a shallow trench and run underground to your camp. The actual installation and connection of this cable to the power line and meter are done by the supplier of electricity. . The notched joist arrangement is used when no sill is provided. The blocking provides a bearing spot for the joists. If you use pier foundations, be sure to follow the sectional drawings for each cottage, because this header may actually be a girder around the outside of the building. . A lock nut is screwed tight from inside the box. Some types of boxes have a built-in clamping device which eliminates the use of connectors. The illustration shows how the wires are joined to switches or receptacles in the box. . Properly constructed, a batten door can be used for an opening of almost any width. However, the height should be a little over twice the width. Be sure to use braces as shown in the larger detail. The tongue-and-groove boards should be screwed to the braces. Use strap-type hinges for best results.. A plumbers' furnace is a type of gasoline stove with a melting pot for lead at the top. Ladles are spoonlike dippers used to remove lead from the plumbers' furnace to the joint that is being packed. Blow torches usually use gasoline for fuel. Be sure to keep the flame of this tool away from any combustible material.. The best advice that I can give you about painting your cottage is to follow the directions on the can. Use a good titanium-oxide-base paint. It pays to use the best. Choose a color that will harmonize with your surroundings..

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The fireplace details are designed to give you the basic relationships between the various elements. Note particularly the relationship between the opening and the flue size. The septic tank shown on page 150, with a proper drain field, will take care of the sewage from your cottage. It has a capacity of about 325 gallons. . . The sole helps to transmit loads to the joists, girders, and foundations. It also serves as a nailing surface for the interior finish. The studs will be nailed to this surface..


. There are many types of roofing materials that can be used on your cabin. To some extent, the choice of materials will depend upon whether the roof is pitched or flat. The table on page 120 indicates whether you should use a roll or shingle type of roofing material.. When you buy your pump, you will find specific instructions included with the unit. Follow these instructions explicitly—the manufacturer knows what his pump is capable of doing. Reciprocating pumps are of two different types. The piston type, which is usually mounted on a storage tank, can be used to do any of the jobs that a shallow-well jet pump will do. .



Framing lumber varies in size from its nominal dimension. All 2-inch timber is actually I 5/8 inches thick; 4- and 6-inch timber is 3/8 inch less than the nominal size; larger sizes are 1/2 inch less. Nominal I-inch boards are actually 3/4 inch thick. Their width is 1/2 inch less than their nominal size through 6 inches, larger size boards are I/2 inch less. . The deep-well reciprocating pump is one that must be mounted over the well. Piston-type pumps will raise water from a source not lower than 22 feet below the level of the pump. No cylinder or rod extends into the water source. The pump can be offset from the well. Only one pipe is required. . Roofing, Siding and Interior Finishing Steps. You probably already own the essential ones. These are: hammer, screw driver, saw (crosscut, also ripsaw if possible), plane, bit and brace, chisel, pliers, file, try square, 6-foot rule, level, spatula. If you don't have all of these tools, I'd suggest that you get them.. Except in the case of concrete slab construction, the sill is the first wood member to rest on the foundations and will be the first wood member you will put down. The sill is usually a 2-by-4-inch piece. In pier construction you will note that I have occasionally used a 2-by-6-inch member. This is because the header is made up of two pieces 2 inches thick, instead of one, as shown in the illustration.. All the necessary parts can be bought from your local plumbing dealer, or from the major mail-order houses. It is also possible to rent the necessary tools. Where do we start? If I were doing the job, I'd start with the fitting that drains the seat and tub. On the floor of the bathroom mark where this fitting (I) is to go. .


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For siding, probably the most practical and easiest material to use as the exterior finish is wood. It has the advantage of coming in many different shapes, colors, and textures. It can be stained, painted, or left natural.. The tripod or three-legged stand is used to hold lengths of pipe when it is being driven into the earth. The drive assembly consists of a number of parts, including a nipple, coupling, and malleable iron drive cap. These parts are screwed to the end of the pointed piece that goes into the earth as you drive a well. . As noted in previous articles, I have not specified that sheathing must be used. Plywood or one of the composition sheathings or diagonal sheathing boards may be used—in fact, should be used if you plan to use the cottage year-round at some time in the future. It should also be used if you are going to use plaster or plasterboard on the inside. .



. It will help to stiffen your structure and is, therefore, a real building material. Planking with square edges, tongue-and-groove, V-jointed or other surface markings can be used horizontally or vertically in your cabin. Like plywood, it is a serviceable material that will help your structure.. .


If you decide to build a beach house, don’t build too close to the water. As you have noticed by the recent events in Florida, ocean storms often drive the water a considerable distance inland. Be sure to get expert advice regarding the safety of your location. If the coastline is rocky, it is usually a good idea to keep your cottage back from the water as far as the shrub growth. Usually this line is a safe distance from waves.. Plywood is always a possible exterior finish. It is very important that it should be exterior grade—never use interior-grade plywood for exterior purposes. Cottage No. 2 would look particularly attractive if it were finished with %-inch exterior-grade plywood.. Also install a vent pipe. Cast some hooks in the slab so that you will have something to hold on to as you lower it into place. It will be heavy. This type of well is similar to a dug one, except that instead of digging a large hole, you dig one of small diameter. A well borer or earth auger is used to make a hole down to water level. . Install a System to Effectively Distribute the Water through your Cottage. Saws are used to cut materials. The most common type is the panel saw. Depending on the set of the teeth, saws are usually classified as ripsaws or crosscut saws. You will use these saws to rip or cut most of the wood in your cottage unless you use power equipment. . Water is one of the most important things that you will need for your camp. It can be the hardest or the easiest thing to find. A clear lake and a bucket is the cheapest way you'll be able to get a good supply. It is important that the water you use be free from harmful bacteria. Taste is no substitute for a test of good drinking water. .


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