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Metal hoods used over simple hearths must have steel angles or channels running back into the masonry to support the weight. There are other factors to consider in orienting your house. In summer the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest. . Large pieces of wood are removed with a sliding action, the tapered edge being held against the wood. Finishing is done with a series of short strokes, working from the edge. Pliers have many uses. They may be used to remove nuts from bolts, to pull out nails, and to hold various materials.. A yarning tool is a rod with a flattened end used to push lead or other soft materials into a joint of pipe. A threader is used to make ends on pipe so that couplers may be screwed on. These have dies which come in various sizes from ¼ to 2 inches or more in diameter. Tubing cutters have a small wheel that cuts soft pipe. Each time you revolve the clamplike tool around the pipe, the handle is given another twist downward. This action eventually cuts the pipe..


. Rustic and drop siding as well as shiplap and matched siding are also popular. The first two should have a finished thickness of ¾ inch. The maximum width is 8 inches. Shiplap or matched siding should be a minimum of 25/32 inch thick. The maximum width is 12 inches.. There is the drainage system of your cottage—except for the disposal unit. If there is a central disposal system or sewer that you can use, it is probable that the connections to it will have to be made by a licensed plumber. On the other hand, if you are going to install a septic tank, you will want to read on into the next section to find out what to do..




In Hawaii the vertical siding is often used without any intermediate framing members. The roof load is actually carried by the siding. Shingles can also be used to cover the exterior of your cabin. I would suggest that you follow the instructions of the manufacturer for laying these. . There are more moving parts in this type of pump than in the jet. Deep-well reciprocating pumps have a rod that extends from a crosshead or eccentric in the pump to a plunger in the well casing. As the pump operates, a rod which moves up and down lifts the water from the well. It can be used to pump water from 250 feet below the surface of the earth. . 1) In summer, the best orientation for the large glass areas of your camp or cabin would be about 20 degrees west of south. If your view is due west or north, the best thing you can do is to improve the surroundings so that the climate around your camp will be as comfortable as possible. This may call for building walls or screens or planting natural hedges.. Permanent construction must be completed by the second season after the permit is issued. The Forest Service requires that the construction be done in a workmanlike manner; substantial floors, roofs, doors, and windows must be installed. The buildings must be in harmony with the surrounding landscape. . Framing is the structural skeleton of your house. The drawing at the top indicates the important framing members of any of the cottages. The most important elements are the sill, header, joists, girders, sole, flooring, studs, plate, and rafters. Let's take a look at these parts.. Because of size and ease of connection, I would suggest a small electric water heater. This is small enough to fit under a sink, in a closet, or even under the cottage. The small units use 120 volts and therefore require no special wiring. .

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Extra Constructions Details to Smooth the Flow of Work. . Even though you use a generator, it would be wise to wire your house as though it were to be connected to power lines, because at some future date you may be able to connect to the main line. .


Screw drivers come in many sizes and shapes. Have several types in your toolbox. If you are trying to put a screw into hard wood, you'll find the job easier if you bore a small-diameter hole first. Another good starting device for-screws is an awl.. If you are making the walls of block, the mortar you should use is composed of I part portland cement, 3 parts sand by volume, and lime not exceeding 25 per cent of the cement by volume. Stagger the blocks so that the joints of the second row of blocks fall over the mid-sections of the blocks below. Use closed-end blocks for corners.. Solderless connectors are made of insulating materials. Screw the connector over the end of the wires—no solder is required. A soldering iron is a tool with a pointed end that can be heated and used to melt solder..




They are standard lengths which you can purchase from your local lumberyard. Because the joint spans are short, it isn't necessary to bridge the members. However, if you want a really good job, put l-by-3-inch pieces of lumber between joists as shown in the sketch at the side. You can also buy metal bridging if you would rather use it.. Ceilings can be made of wood laid up like the side walls. Camp No. 2 has a novel ceiling which could be used in any of the camps. It is made of cedar bevel siding. The siding is nailed directly to the roofing rafters with the narrow edge of the siding toward the outside walls, the wide edge toward the center of the room.. Tools for the Trade—What You’ll Need and How to Use It. Fiberboard sheathing is not acceptable as a nailing base for this type of shingle. Wood shingles should be attached to l-by-3-inch nailing strips which have been spaced according to the shingle exposure. . Calking the joints is done by packing them with strands of oakum. A yarning iron is helpful in getting the oakum well pushed down. When the joint is about two-thirds full, hammer it all down tight. Fill the remainder of the opening with molten lead. . All the necessary wiring for your cottage should be done before the interior finish is applied. One of the first things to do is to attach the outlet boxes to the framing. The illustrations at the side show a number of different types of metal and plastic boxes that can be used..


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. . When the lead is cooler but not set, tap lightly around the hub. When it is cool, pound with more force. The stack base end should point toward your septic tank or sewer. I would install the lavatory basin next. Part 3 goes on top of part I. You'll find that this fitting will slip up and down in part I. This allows you to adjust the height of the lavatory basin. .



This is enough for the average cottage. Each person in a household usually requires about 40 gallons per day. By cutting around the surface area and removing the earth, it is usually possible to make a catch basin for your spring. Line the edges with pervious material such as brick or stone. . Here are some special details and information which will be helpful to you. The first page illustrates the difference between the nominal and the actual lumber size you'll receive from your dealer. In all of the enlarged and sectional drawings that I have come across, I used the actual lumber size rather than the nominal.. This mixture is wiped on the wood surface. When the surface begins to shine, be sure to wipe this excess material off. This will give you a dull finish, but it will keep your wood natural-looking..


Again, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for the application of the finish material. The only substitute you may find satisfactory is asbestos cement sheet. This must be handled with care, because it is brittle. Drill the nail holes—don’t try to drive nails direct.. Don’t forget to have a convenient medicine cabinet in the bathroom. It would also be a good idea to install a small electric radiant heater to take off that morning chill.. Local health authorities are usually willing to test the water for you. Other agencies that will tell you whether the water is suitable include State Health Departments, County Health Offices, and Health Hygienic Laboratories.. Also be sure that the joists are securely spiked to the header. Try, as far as possible, to make the headers of one continuous piece of material. If this isn't possible, be sure to join the pieces over the center line of one of the piers.. Each cabin should have only one %-inch thickness of flooring for a starting point. This is sufficient for most cottages. At a later date you may want to add either a composition or finished hardwood floor. The planks where a composition floor is to be laid should not be wider than 3 inches or may be %-inch plywood sheets. All flooring should be tongue-and-groove except plywood.. On your site clear away the brush and lay out the lines of the building with strings and batter boards. The next step is to dig a trench about 12 inches deep and 12 inches wide around the perimeter of the building. If you hit some large rode, leave it. Taper the inside edge of the trench as shown. By cutting the outside edge of the trench square, you can use it as part of the form for the beam edge of your slab..


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